Causes of Immediate and Early IOP Spikes After Circumferential Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy Using ASOCT
January 22, 2023 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye InstituteAparna Rao, Sardar Mohd Khan, Sujoy Mukherjee
Purpose: To report the early postoperative causes of intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes after complete circumferential gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).
Methods: This was retrospective interventional case series of patients who underwent circumferential GATT by a single surgeon (APR) from 2021 to 2022 at a tertiary eye care in East India and who developed IOP spikes at 1 day-2 weeks (immediate) or early (> 2 weeks– 2 months) after GATT. The intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medications, and angle evaluation by ASOCT at 1 week, and 1 month were compared between the two groups.
Results: Thirty-two eyes of 32 consecutive patients, aged 40± 20.1 years (20 exfoliation glaucoma, 9 juvenile open-angle, and 3 developmental glaucoma), that developed IOP spikes between immediate (n=20) or early (n=12) IOP spikes after GATT, were included. Immediate postoperative spikes were seen in 20 eyes due to retained ...
Estimation of the full shape of the crystalline lens in-vivo from OCT images using eigenlenses
January 17, 2023 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Spanish National Research Council, University of Miami, University of RochesterAlberto de Castro, Ana M. González, Andrea Curatolo, Ashik Mohamed, Eduardo Martínez-Enríquez, fabrice manns, Judith S. Birkenfeld, Marco Ruggeri, Susana Marcos, Zvietcovich Fernando
Quantifying the full 3-D shape of the human crystalline lens is important for improving intraocular lens power or sizing calculations in treatments of cataract and presbyopia. In a previous work we described a novel method for the representation of the full shape of the ex vivo crystalline lens called eigenlenses, which proved more compact and accurate than compared state-of-the art methods of crystalline lens shape quantification. Here we demonstrate the use of eigenlenses to estimate the full shape of the crystalline lens in vivo from optical coherence tomography images, where only the information visible through the pupil is available. We compare the performance of eigenlenses with previous methods of full crystalline lens shape estimation, and demonstrate an improvement in repeatability, robustness and use of computational resources. We found that eigenlenses can be used to describe efficiently the crystalline lens full shape changes with accommodation and refractive error.
Inverted Angström sign on iOCT: cannulated Schlemms canal during gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy
July 17, 2022 | Ophthalmology | Carl Zeiss Meditec, L V Prasad Eye InstituteKarthikeyan Mahalingam, Shikha Gupta, Viney Gupta
We describe a novel method to identify the position of the suture in the Schlemm’s canal during gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT). A patient with primary angle-closure glaucoma had right eye (RE) cataract and total glaucomatous optic neuropathy. RE vision was 5/60, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was 28 mm Hg on maximum glaucoma medications. RE phacoemulsification with 360° GATT using burnt tip 6–0 prolene suture was performed. Intraoperatively, the pigmented trabecular meshwork (TM) precluded correct identification as the suture was advanced ( figure 1A , red arrow). To assist in confirmation of the correct suture positioning and advancement within the Schlemm’s canal, Swan Jacob lens-aided intraoperative-Optical Coherence Tomography (iOCT, OPMI LUMERA-700, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) was used. The suture was seen as an inverted Ångström (Å) sign within the Schlemm’s canal ( figure 1B , white arrow). Iris and cornea a...
Imaging of the Ciliary Body: A Major Review
June 14, 2022 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye InstituteGazella Bruce Warjri, Sirisha Senthil
Purpose We conducted a systematic search of literature to understand the various methods of imaging of the ciliary body. Methods PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were searched comprehensively and systematically to find studies related to the various modalities of ciliary body imaging. Results The various ciliary body parameters that have been described are Ciliary body thickness, Ciliary body length, ciliary muscle thickness, ciliary process length, ciliary muscle length, ciliary muscle anterior length, trabecular ciliary process distance and Iris ciliary process distance. The various angles which have been measured, which mostly have a significance in Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) are Iris ciliary angle, Trabecular ciliary angle, scleral ciliary process angle. Various authors have defined them in various ways with subtle differences. Plateau iris and PACG mechanisms, not forgetting malignant glaucoma are better understood with imaging of the cilia...
Distribution of macular pigments in macular telangiectasia type 2 and correlation with optical coherence tomography characteristics and visual acuity
June 14, 2022 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye Institute, University of AlabamaKenneth R. Sloan, Michel M. Teussink, Raja Narayanan, Rajiv Raman, Ramyaa Srinivasan, Rekha Priya Kalluri Bharat
Background: To estimate macular pigment values in macular telangiectasia (MacTel) Type 2 in comparison with healthy subjects in the South Indian population across different spatial profiles and to quantify the regional differences of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in MacTel Type 2. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, healthy controls and patients diagnosed with various stages of MacTel Type 2 underwent MPOD measurement using dual-wavelength autofluorescence technique with Spectralis HRA + OCT. Results: Sixty eyes of 31 healthy subjects and 41 eyes of 22 MacTel type 2 patients were included. We found an overall decrease in MPOD values in MacTel type 2 patients (-0.109, -0.11, -0.001) in comparison with healthy subjects (0.38, 0.23, 0.06) at 1°, 2° & 6° foveal eccentricities (P < 0.001). In various stages of MacTel type 2, the mean MPOD was found to be higher in the peripheral region compared to the central region. We found a significantly lo...
Role of AS-OCT in Managing Corneal Disorders
May 3, 2022 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye InstituteAastha Singh, Abha Gaur, Akhil Varshney, Anahita Kate, Anil Tiwari, Gaurav Shah, Isha Chaudhary, Manisha Acharya, Muralidhar Ramappa, Neha Kapur, Nidhi Gupta, Nikunj Patel, Sayan Basu, Umang Mathur, Virender Sangwan, Vito Romano
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is analogous to ultrasound biometry in the cross sectional imaging of ocular tissues. Development of current devices with deeper penetration and higher resolution has made it popular tool in clinics for visualization of anterior segment structures. In this review, the authors discussed the application of AS-OCT for diagnosis and management of various corneal and ocular surface disorders. Further, recent developments in the application of the device for pediatric corneal disorders and extending the application of OCT angiography for anterior segment are introduced.
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Optical coherence tomography features and correlation of functional and structural parameters in patients of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
March 29, 2022 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye InstituteAwadh Kishor Pandit, Deepti Vibha, Gunjan Saluja, Mousumi Banerjee, Pawan Kumar, Pradeep Sharma, Rohit Saxena, Swati Phuljhele
Purpose: To determine the correlation between functional parameters and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features in patients of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Methods: A prospective observational study in early and established cases of papilledema in IIH presenting from December 2017 to February 2019. Functional parameters (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, mean deviation, VER, and MfERG) and structural parameters (RNFL, GCL-IPL, and optic disc height) were measured at baseline and every 6 weeks for 6 months. Results: At baseline, average RNFL had a moderate negative correlation with mean deviation (r = -0.45; P = 0.0007) and a positive correlation with logMAR visual acuity (r = 0.18; P = 0.17). On the contrary, baseline GCL and logMAR visual acuity had a negative correlation (r = -0.4, P = 0.02). Optic disc height (ODH) had a negative correlation with visual field mean deviation (r = -0.046; P = 0.0005). At 6 months, ODH and GCL-IPL complex had a statistically si...
Role of Anterior Segment-Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Acute Ocular Burns
March 26, 2022 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye InstituteAnahita Kate, Sayan Basu
Acute ocular burns have varied manifestations which require prompt diagnosis and management to prevent chronic sequelae. Of these, the detection of limbal ischemia poses a challenge because of the subjective nature of its clinical signs. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) offers an objective method of assessing ischemia in these eyes. This review provides an overview of the technology of AS-OCTA and its applications in acute burns. AS-OCTA generates images by isolating the movement of erythrocytes within blood vessels from sequentially obtained b-scans. Limbal ischemia manifests in these scans as absent vasculature and the extent of ischemia can be quantified using different vessel-related parameters. Of these, the density of vessels is most commonly used and correlates with the severity of the injury. Incorporation of the degree of ischemia in the classification of acute burns has been attempted in animal studies and its extension to human trials ma...
Correlating the patterns of Diabetic macular edema, Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers and Grade of Diabetic Retinopathy With Stage of Renal Disease
December 9, 2021 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye InstituteAishwarya Madharia, Alok Sen, Ann Maria Rodrigues, Atanu Majumdar, Giridhar Anantharaman, Kim Ramasamy, Mani Sachdeva, Manisha Agarwal, Rajiv Raman, Shalin Shah, Shalini Sugumar, Swathi Priya, T. P. Vignesh, Umesh Chandra Behera
Purpose To correlate Optical coherence tomography (OCT) based morphological patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME), prognostic biomarkers and grade of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to diabetes. Design Multicentric retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at seven centres across India. Methods Data from medical records of patients with DME and CKD was entered in a common excel sheet across all seven centers. Staging of CKD was based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results The most common morphological pattern of DME was cystoid pattern (42%) followed by the mixed pattern (31%). The proportion of different morphological patterns did not significantly vary across various CKD stages (p=0.836). Presence of external limiting membrane-ellipsoid zone (ELM-EZ) defects (p<0.001) and foveal sub-field thickness (p=0.024) showed a direct correlation with the stage of CKD which was statistically signif...
Circular functional analysis of OCT data for precise identification of structural phenotypes in the eye
December 4, 2021 | Ophthalmology | Academic Hospital Maastricht, L V Prasad Eye Institute, University of PittsburghAlexander Petersen, Brian Wainwright, Ganesh B. Jonnadula, Harsha L. Rao, M. B. Srinivas, Md Hasnat Ali, Meghana Desai, S. Rao Jammalamadaka, Saumyadipta Pyne, Sirisha Senthil
Progressive optic neuropathies such as glaucoma are major causes of blindness globally. Multiple sources of subjectivity and analytical challenges are often encountered by clinicians in the process of early diagnosis and clinical management of these diseases. In glaucoma, the structural damage is often characterized by neuroretinal rim (NRR) thinning of the optic nerve head, and other clinical parameters. Baseline structural heterogeneity in the eyes can play a key role in the progression of optic neuropathies, and present challenges to clinical decision-making. We generated a dataset of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) based high-resolution circular measurements on NRR phenotypes, along with other clinical covariates, of 3973 healthy eyes as part of an established clinical cohort of Asian Indian participants. We introduced CIFU, a new computational pipeline for CIrcular FUnctional data modeling and analysis. We demonstrated CIFU by unsupervised circular functional clustering of t...
Comparison of total keratometry with corneal power measured by optical low-coherence reflectometry and placido-dual Scheimpflug system
June 3, 2021 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye InstituteAshik Mohamed, Jagadesh C. Reddy, Pravin K. Vaddavalli, Usha Bhanu Kommineni
Purpose: To compare the total keratometry (TK) and astigmatism measurements in eyes with cataract using automated keratometry of swept - source optical coherence tomography (ss-OCT), optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), simulated keratometry (SimK), and total corneal power (TCP) of combined placido - dual Scheimpflug imaging system. Setting: The study was conducted at LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. Design: Retrospective evaluation of electronic medical records of patients who were evaluated for cataract surgery Methods: Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients were included in the study. All patients evaluated for cataract surgery underwent corneal power measurements using three devices: ssOCT, OLCR, and combined placido - dual Scheimpflug imaging were included in the study. Vector analysis was performed to evaluate corneal astigmatism and Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to evaluate the limits of agreement of similar parameters among devices. Results: The mean TK was ...
‘Y’ split of the outer plexiform layer: an optical coherence tomography illusion!
April 10, 2021 | Ophthalmology | L V Prasad Eye InstituteAnup Kelgaonkar, Ashish Khalsa, Srikanta Kumar Padhy, Suman Sahu
We here in report an interesting optical coherence tomography (OCT) observation in two different eyes. First case represents a 26-year-old man, with a history of tobacco chewing for 8 years, presented with sudden onset of scotoma in his right eye for 1 week. The uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 in right eye (OD) and 20/20 in left eye (OS), respectively. Anterior segment was essentially within normal limits. Right eye fundus examination revealed a dull foveal reflex with neurosensory detachment and subretinal fibrin features suggestive of central serous chorioretinopathy. OCT of OD passing through macula confirmed presence of a neurosensory detachment with subretinal hyper-reflective material. On a closer look we could appreciate a ‘Y’ split of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) ( figure 1A, A1 and A2 ). Case 2 represents a 33-year-old woman who presented to us with recent onset metamorphopsia in her left eye for 2 days. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/2...
A male in his 50s, who had undergone Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) for corneal oedema following irido-corneal-endothelial syndrome and glaucoma drainage device surgery for secondary glaucoma presented with gradual decreased vision. The patient was on ripasudil 0.4% for the past 4 months prior to the presentation. Honeycomb epithelial oedema was seen with vesicles and intraepithelial microcyst formation which were also noted on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histopathology, that co-related with the slit-lamp findings. The patient underwent repeat DSAEK and had a good outcome. While the clinical features and OCT findings have been reported earlier, the histopathological features have not been reported.
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Penetrating ocular injury is an important cause of loss of vision and may be associated with the presence of intraocular foreign body (IOFB). Missed IOFB may present with non-specific clinical features which may delay accurate diagnosis and proper management. We are presenting a case of unusual retained intraocular foreign body in a 38-year-old woman which emphasizes the need of careful review of patient's traumatic history and need of investigation like anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) in diagnosis, localization of foreign body and follow-up after foreign body removal.
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